Description
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Chemical Classification: Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Peptide
Research Overview
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2). In biochemical research, it is classified as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. It is a primary subject in studies exploring the stabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Unlike general antioxidants, SS-31 selectively binds to cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to prevent its oxidation and maintain the structural integrity of the cristae.
Common Research Applications
This mitochondria-active peptide is frequently utilized in laboratory models to investigate the following experimental objectives:
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Research focusing on the optimization of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the reduction of electron leakage (Reactive Oxygen Species/ROS) during ATP production.
- Cardiolipin Protection: Investigations into the prevention of cardiolipin peroxidation, which is a critical step in the initiation of the apoptotic (cell death) signaling pathway.
- Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Studies regarding the peptide’s ability to protect organ tissue (heart, kidney, and brain) from oxidative damage during the restoration of blood flow after a period of oxygen deprivation.
- Aging and Senescence Models: Research exploring the “Mitochondrial Theory of Aging” and whether stabilizing mitochondrial architecture can mitigate age-related cellular dysfunction.
- Neurodegenerative Signaling: Exploration of the peptide’s role in maintaining neuronal mitochondrial health in models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.
Laboratory Handling & Storage
- Appearance: Lyophilized white powder.
- Solubility: Easily reconstituted in sterile bacteriostatic water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
- Stability: Highly stable in lyophilized form. Powder should be stored at -20°C for long-term preservation.